Thursday 18 August 2016

Who is the father of the computer?

There are hundreds of people who have major contributions to the field of computing. The following sections detail the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the personal computer we all know and use today.

Father of computing

Charles BabbageCharles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues, this computer was never built while Charles Babbage was alive.
However, in 1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations. In 1991, the London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine No 2. This version incorporated Babbage's refinements developed during the creation of the Analytical Engine.
Although Babbage never completed his invention in his lifetime, his radical ideas and concepts of the computer are what make him the father of computing.

Father of the computer

Konrad ZuseThere are several people who can be considered the father of the computer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and John von Neumann. However, for the purpose of this document we're going to be considering Konrad Zuse as the father of the computer with his development of the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4.
In 1936 to 1938 Konrad Zuse created the Z1 in his parent's living room. The Z1 consisted of over 30,000 metal parts and is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable computer. In 1939, the German military commissioned Zuse to build the Z2, which was largely based on the Z1. Later, he completed the Z3 in May of 1941, the Z3 was a revolutionary computer for its time and is considered the first electromechanical and program-controlled computer. Finally, on July 12, 1950, Zuse completed and shipped the Z4 computer, which is considered to be the first commercial computer.

Father of the personal computer

Ed RobertsHenry Edward Roberts coined the term "personal computer" and is considered to be the father of the modern personal computers after he released of the Altair 8800 on December 19, 1974. It was later published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it an overnight success. The computer was available as a kit for $439 or assembled for $621 and had several additional add-ons such as a memory board and interface boards. By August 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal computers were sold; starting the personal computer revolution.
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Backup Facebook photos, videos, and Text,

Facebook offers all its users the ability to backup their photos, videos, and text.

  1. Click Account and go to Account Settings.
  2. Click the Learn more option next to Download Your Information.
  3. Click the Download button.
  4. You will then be prompted with a message indicating that it takes some time to collect all your information. Once that information is ready for download you'll be sent an e-mail with a link to a compressed .zip file containing all your personal information.
Facebook-Download-PNG

Bonus Tip: You can also setup an IFTTT recipe to automatically backup any photo you've been tagged in on Facebook.

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What is Facebook? Why should you use Facebook?

The idea of Facebook can be quite confusing to those new to social networking. So what is Facebook? It is a place to communicate with friends and family, to share photographs or funny links you find on the Web, to play social games like Farmville or Mafia Wars, search for long-lost friends or even chat interactively with your buddies.
In short, it is your home on the web. Find out more you can do with Facebook and why you should use it.
Facebook sprung from its roots as a school-based social network to became the most popular social network in the world. A few keys to Facebook's success is its ability to appeal to both people and businesses, the success of Facebook's developers network which has turned Facebook into a thriving platform, and Facebook Connect's ability to reach out to the rest of the web and provide a single login that works across multiple sites.
How to Organize Your Facebook Friends
Facebook Profile: Key Features
  • Facebook allows you to maintain a friends list and choose privacy settings to tailor who can see what on your profile
  • Facebook allows you to upload photos and maintain photo albums that can be shared with your friends
  • Facebook supports interactive online chat and the ability to comment on your friends "walls" in order to keep in touch or just say 'hi'.
  • Facebook supports groups and fan pages, allowing businesses to effectively use Facebook as a vehicle for social media marketing
  • Facebook's developer network delivers advanced functionality in the form of social apps like Flixster and Vampire Wars
  • Facebook Connect allows websites to interact with Facebook and allows Facebook to be used as a universal login authentication service
How to Set Up an RSS Feed on Facebook
Facebook Profile: History
Facebook is a social network founded in February of 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg. Originally a social network for students of Harvard University, it became a hit on campus and expanded to other colleges. In 2005, Facebook opened itself to high schools, and in 2006, it was open to everyone. Since then, it has experienced tremendous growth, bypassing MySpace in terms of global popularity.
In 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook Platform, which allowed developers to create applications on the network. Rather than simply being badges or widgets to adorn on a Facebook page, these applications allowed friends to interact by giving gifts or playing games, such as chess. In 2008, Facebook launched Facebook Connect, which competed with OpenSocial and Google Friend Connect as a universal login authentication service.
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Monday 15 August 2016

The Mothed of use ATM,How to use ATM Card, By Rai Xafar

Automated Teller Machines (ATM), it is very easy to use and convenient way to access your bank account. If you're newly get your ATM card, from bank, and it is not working, don't worry. Some bank takes 24 hours to active there ATM cards, So now you can withdrawal cash from your bank account, from almost anywhere.

Try to use your ATM cards and your ATMs from the same bank, Otherwise some services may not be available if your card and ATM don't match.


Watch Video Must ...

video created by Rai Xafar 




There are few steps to withdrawal cash from ATM:

Step 1 : Insert Card



 Insert Card

ATM cards comes in two types — debit cards and credit cards
. Debit cards are mostly used in ATMs, and it offers you to withdrawal cash which you have in your savings account. Vise versa, from credit card, you could credit money from your account.

But in today’s topic we will discourse about the process of withdrawal money from ATM through your card.
Now first insert your ATM card in the ATM machine.(you may see a blinking green light in the machine, where you have to put your card.) please mind to insert your card as the picture shows; otherwise the machine could not be able to read your card.

Step 2 : Select your language

 This is the most easiest task to do I think. Select the language you like.



Step 3 : Enter your PIN



Enter your pin

Now come the most important part. Use Keypad to enter your 4 digit pin.

Please make sure some things before you enter your pin
  1. There is no camera or any person who can see your pin number
  2. Always make sure that the pin is entering by you is the same pin of that ATM card(otherwise the card could be locked)

Step 4 : Transaction Type 


Transaction type

You can see now many types of options like Withdraw Money, Deposit Money, Balance Enquiry, Bill Pay etc. For withdrawal cash you have to chose Withdraw Money option.

Step 5 : Account Type

ATM screen will show various types of account. Select your account type that may be saving or current etc.



Step 6 : Enter Amount



Enter Amount

It is also a easy task. Chose the amount you want to withdrawal. But make sure that the amount you are entering is not more than your main balance.And press correct option.

Step 7 : Take Your Money



Take your money

Now comes the most interesting part. The money comes from the cash dispenser machine. Take your money before 30 second.


Take receipt

Then a question would appear on the and ask you would like to take a receipt. Press yes to proof that you withdrew money and check the balance.

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Saturday 13 August 2016

What is a mobile device?

What is a mobile device?

A mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computer. These devices are designed to be extremely portable, and they can often fit in your hand. Some mobile devices—like tabletse-readers, and smartphones—are powerful enough to do many of the same things you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.

Tablet computers

Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to be portable. However, they provide a different computing experience. The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire screen is touch-sensitive, allowing you to type on a virtual keyboard and use your finger as a mouse pointer.
image of iPad
Tablet computers can't necessarily do everything traditional computers can do. For many people, a traditional computer like a desktop or laptop is still needed in order to use some programs. However, the convenience of a tablet computer means it may be ideal as a second computer.

E-readers

E-book readers—also called e-readers—are similar to tablet computers, except they are mainly designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books). Notable examples include the Amazon KindleBarnes & Noble Nook, and Kobo. Most e-readers use an e-ink display, which is easier to read than a traditional computer display. You can even read in bright sunlight, just like if you were reading a regular book.
a Kindle e-reader
You don't need an e-reader to read e-books. They can also be read on tablets,smartphoneslaptops, and desktops.

Smartphones

A smartphone is a more powerful version of a traditional cell phone. In addition to the same basic features—phone calls, voicemail, text messaging—smartphones canconnect to the Internet over Wi-Fi or a cellular network (which requires purchasing a monthly data plan). This means you can use a smartphone for the same things you would normally do on a computer, such as checking your email, browsing the Web, or shopping online.
Image of Android phone
Most smartphones use a touch-sensitive screen, meaning there isn't a physical keyboard on the device. Instead, you'll type on a virtual keyboard and use your fingers to interact with the display. Other standard features include a high-quality digital camera and the ability to play digital music and video files. For many people, a smartphone can actually replace electronics like an old laptop, digital music player, and digital camera in the same device.
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What is a laptop computer?

What is a laptop computer?

A laptop is a personal computer that can be easily moved and used in a variety of locations. Most laptops are designed to have all of the functionality of a desktop computer, which means they can generally run the same software and open the same types of files. However, laptops also tend to be more expensive than comparable desktop computers.

How is a laptop different from a desktop?

Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-in monitorkeyboardtouchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers. This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.
You'll also have to the option to connect a regular mouse, larger monitor, and other peripherals. This basically turns your laptop into a desktop computer, with one main difference: You can easily disconnect the peripherals and take the laptop with you wherever you go.
Here are the main differences you can expect with a laptop.
  • Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.
a laptop touchpad
  • Battery: Every laptop has a battery, which allows you to use the laptop when it's not plugged in. Whenever you plug in the laptop, the batteryrecharges. Another benefit of having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power goes out.
  • AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable called an AC adapter, which is designed to be used with that specific type of laptop.
  • Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports found on desktop computers (such as USB), although they usually have fewer ports to save space. However, some ports may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.
  • Price: Generally speaking, laptops tend to be more expensive than a desktop computer with the same internal components. While you may find that some basic laptops cost less than desktop computers, these are usually much less powerful machines.
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Inside a computer

Have you ever looked inside a computer case, or seen pictures of the inside of one? The small parts may look complicated, but the inside of a computer case isn't really all that mysterious. This lesson will help you master some of the basic terminologyand understand a bit more about what goes on inside a computer.

Motherboard

a motherboard
The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

 

CPU/processor

a CPU
The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside thecomputer case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to the CPU.
The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip is usually about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.
A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second; and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second. A faster processor can execute instructions more quickly. However, the actual speed of the computer depends on the speed of many different components—not just the processor.

RAM (random access memory)

computer RAM
RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.
This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. If you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.
RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM you have, the more things your computer can do at the same time. If you don't have enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is sluggish when you have several programs open. Because of this, many people add extra RAM to their computers to improve performance.

 

Hard drive

a hard drive
The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the data from the hard drive onto the RAM. When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster the hard drive, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.

 

Power supply unit


The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of power needed by the computer. It sends power through cables to the motherboard and other components.
If you decide to open the computer case and take a look, make sure to unplug the computer first. Before touching the inside of the computer, you should touch a grounded metal object—or a metal part of the computer casing—to discharge any static buildup. Static electricity can be transmitted through the computer circuits, which can seriously damage your machine.

Expansion cards

Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow you to add various types of expansion cards. These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards. You may never need to add any PCI cards because most motherboards have built-in video, sound, network, and other capabilities.
However, if you want to boost the performance of your computer or update the capabilities of an older computer, you can always add one or more cards. Below are some of the most common types of expansion cards.

Video card

a video card
The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor. Most computers have a GPU (graphics processing unit) built into the motherboard instead of having a separate video card. If you like playing graphics-intensive games, you can add a faster video card to one of the expansion slots to get better performance.

Sound card

The sound card—also called an audio card—is responsible for what you hear in the speakers or headphones. Most motherboards have integrated sound, but you can upgrade to a dedicated sound card for higher-quality sound.

Network card

a network card
The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet. It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wirelessconnection (often called Wi-Fi). Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card can also be added to an expansion slot.

Bluetooth card (or adapter)

a Bluetooth Dongle
Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication over short distances. It's often used in computers to communicate with wireless keyboardsmice, and printers. It's commonly built into the motherboard or included in a wireless network card. For computers that don't have Bluetooth, you can purchase a USB adapter, often called adongle.
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Buttons and Ports on a Computer

Introduction

Take a look at the front and back of your computer case and count the number ofbuttonsports, and slots you see. Now look at your monitor and count any you find there. You probably counted at least 10, and maybe a lot more.
Each computer is different, so the buttons, ports, and sockets will vary from computer to computer. However, there are certain ones you can expect to find on most desktop computers. Learning how these ports are used will help whenever you need to connect something to your computer, like a new printer, keyboard, or mouse.

 

Front of a computer case

Click the buttons in the interactive below to become familiar with the front of a computer.
/content/570ea870e0a910146005e5cd_04_13_2016/desktop_front_of_case_bg.jpg
 
 
 
 

Back of a computer case

The back of a computer case has connection ports that are made to fit specific devices. The placement will vary from computer to computer, and many companies have their own special connectors for specific devices. Some of the ports may becolor coded to help you determine which port is used with a particular device.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to become familiar with the back of a computer.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Other types of ports

There are many other types of ports, such as FireWire, Thunderbolt, and HDMI. If your computer has ports you don't recognize, you should consult your manual for more information.
Now you try it! Practice connecting the cables with the interactive game below.
 

Peripherals you can use with your computer

The most basic computer setup usually includes the computer casemonitor,keyboard, and mouse, but you can plug many different types of devices into the extra ports on your computer. These devices are called peripherals. Let's take a look at some of the most common ones.
  • Printers: A printer is used to print documents, photos, and anything else that appears on your screen. There are many types of printers, includinginkjetlaser, and photo printers. There are even all-in-one printers, which can also scan and copy documents.
a canon printer
  • Scanners: A scanner allows you to copy a physical image or document and save it to your computer as a digital (computer-readable) image. Many scanners are included as part of an all-in-one printer, although you can also buy a separate flatbed or handheld scanner.
  • Speakers/headphonesSpeakers and headphones are output devices, which means they send information from the computer to the user—in this case, they allow you to hear sound and music. Depending on the model, they may connect to the audio port or the USB port. Some monitors also have built-in speakers.
    computer speakers
  • Microphones: A microphone is a type of input device, or a device that receives information from a user. You can connect a microphone to record sound or talk with someone else over the Internet. Many laptop computers come with built-in microphones.
  • Web cameras: A web camera—or webcam—is a type of input device that can record videos and take pictures. It can also transmit video over the Internet in real time, which allows for video chat or video conferencingwith someone else. Many webcams also include a microphone for this reason.
    a webcam
  • Game controllers and joysticks: A game controller is used to control computer games. There are many other types of controllers you can use, including joysticks, although you can also use your mouse and keyboard to control most games.
  • Digital cameras: A digital camera lets you capture pictures and videos in a digital format. By connecting the camera to your computer's USB port, you can transfer the images from the camera to the computer.
  • Mobile phones, MP3 players, tablet computers, and other devices:Whenever you buy an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or MP3 player, check to see if it comes with a USB cable. If it does, this means you can most likely connect it to your computer.
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Introduction of Computer, and its Parts,

Introduction

The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer casemonitorkeyboard,mouse, and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.
Watch the video below to learn about the basic parts of a desktop computer.

Computer case

a computer tower case
The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main componentsof the computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or moreoptical drives.
Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits next to the monitor or on the floor. All-in-one computers come with the internal components built into the monitor, which eliminates the need for a separate case.

Monitor

a monitor
The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.
Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.

Keyboard

The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the different parts of the keyboard.
keyboard
 
 

If you want to learn how to type or improve your touch-typing skills, check out our free Typing Tutorial.

Mouse

a computer mouse
The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.
There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouseuses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.
To learn the basics of using a mouse, check out our interactive Mouse Tutorial.

Mouse alternatives

There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are below.

Basics of Computer

What is a computer?

computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to storeretrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documentssend emailplay games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheetspresentations, and even videos.
Watch the video below to learn about different types of computers.

Hardware vs. software

Before we talk about different types of computers, let's talk about two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.
  • Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts, which you can see in the image below.
    image of a motherboard
  • Software, is any set of instructions, that tells the hardware what to do andhow to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. Below, you can see an image of Microsoft PowerPoint, which is used to create presentations.
    Screenshot of PowerPoint 2013
Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, right now you may be viewing this lesson in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. As you learn about different types of computers, ask yourself about the differences in their hardware. As you progress through this tutorial, you'll see that different types of computers also often use different types of software.

What are the different types of computers?

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.
grid of people using computers

Desktop computers

a desktop computer
Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are designed to be placed on a desk, and they're typically made up of a few different parts, including the computer casemonitorkeyboard, and mouse.

Laptop computers

a laptop computer
The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, commonly called a laptop. Laptops are battery-powered computers that are more portable than desktops, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.

Tablet computers

a tablet computer
Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screenfor typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

Servers

A server room
server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that's stored on a server. Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.

Other types of computers

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.
  • Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often calledsmartphones.
  • Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables for short.
  • Game consoles: game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.
  • TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

PCs and Macs

Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other.

PCs

a windows PC
This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Macs

a mac computer
The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company (Apple), and they almost always use the Mac OS Xoperating system.